2023年10月，上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院张欣欣主任医师在《医学病毒学杂志》（Journal of Medical Virology）发表题名为“Sequential reinfection with Omicron variants elicits broader neutralizing antibody profiles in booster vaccinees and reduces the duration of viral shedding.”——新冠疫苗加强针接种者奥密克戎变异株再次感染后中和抗体活性谱扩大且排毒时间缩短的研究论文。

瑞金医院感染科张欣欣主任医师、急诊科杨之涛主任医师、上海交通大学医学院上海市病毒研究院王颖教授为论文的共同通讯作者，感染科韦栋博士研究生、俞晓琦实习研究员为论文的共同第一作者。

【Abstract】

The constant emergence of breakthrough   infections with Omicron variants poses an escalating challenge to the current   vaccination strategy. In this study, we investigated the distinct   neutralization activities and clinical characteristics of the booster   vaccinees with Omicron reinfection compared with single breakthrough   infection and homologous booster vaccination. Our results demonstrate that   neutralizing antibody GMTs for WT and other four subvariants (BA.2.2, BA.5.2,   BF.7 and XBB.1) differ greatly between breakthrough infection and homologous   booster cohorts. Sequential reinfection with Omicron variants elicits broader   and high-titer variant-specific neutralizing antibody profiles against   Omicron variants. It could also dampen the hyperactivation of WT-specific   neutralization induced by previous WT-based vaccination. Moreover, the   clinical characteristics from reinfection demonstrated that repeated   stimulation by Omicron variants could reduce the duration of viral shedding.   By considering reinfection with the Omicron variant as a representative model   of repeated immunogen exposures, our results thus illustrate the potential   superiority of repeated Omicron stimuli and provide additional evidence   supporting the Omicron immunogens as a more effective vaccine candidate to   mitigate the transmission of emerging variants.

【中文摘要】

这项研究分析了新冠疫苗加强针接种者发生单次和二次Omicron变异株感染后的中和抗体活性以及临床特征。结果显示，突破性感染与同源疫苗接种组相比，对新冠病毒原始株（WT）和其他四个VOC株（BA.2.2, BA.5.2, BF.7和XBB.1）的中和抗体GMT存在显著差异。Omicron二次感染后特异性中和抗体反应谱扩大且滴度增高，由先前基于WT的疫苗接种引起的WT特异性中和反应的过度激活也有所减缓。此外，感染后的临床特征表明，疫苗接种者发生Omicron二次感染的排毒时间缩短。研究结果展示了以Omicron作为疫苗抗原的潜在优势，并提供了支持Omicron疫苗作为更有效疫苗候选物以遏制新变异株传播的证据。